Zero tolerance in France
Unlike alcohol, French law sets NO minimum threshold for drugs at the wheel. As soon as a saliva test is positive for cannabis, cocaine, MDMA, opiates or amphetamines, the driver is in breach. Even use the day before can leave detectable traces.
How does screening work?
Roadside saliva test
A swab is placed under the driver's tongue for 3–5 minutes. If positive, the driver is detained and taken to the gendarmerie or station for a blood sample used as evidence. Common saliva tests detect cannabis (THC) for 6–24 hours after use.
Blood test confirmation
Only the blood test is valid in court. The driver may request a counter-expertise at their own cost (€50–80). In 2026, approved labs deliver results in about 15 days on average.
Penalties in 2026
Driving under influence of drugs
Maximum sentence: 2 years in prison, €4,500 fine, 6 points off, licence suspended or cancelled up to 3 years, ban on reapplying for 3 years. The judge can impose detox, medical monitoring or community service.
Combined with alcohol
Increased penalties: up to 3 years in prison and €9,000 fine. Cancellation is almost automatic.
In case of personal-injury accident
Up to 7 years in prison, €100,000 fine, and 10 years if drug test is positive. In case of death (involuntary manslaughter), 10–20 years.
Detection windows: beware of "traces"
Cannabis is detectable 4–24 h in saliva for occasional users, up to 3–7 days for regular users. Cocaine: 12–48 h. MDMA: 24–48 h. Opiates: 24–72 h. Conclusion: you can test positive without feeling "impaired".
What to do if tested positive?
Do not refuse the test
Refusing a drug test is punished as if positive (2 years in prison, €4,500 fine). Never refuse a saliva test.
Consult a specialised lawyer quickly
A road lawyer can challenge the procedure (test regularity, timing, chain of custody). They can also negotiate alternatives (CRPC) or a shorter suspension if the case is solid.
Medical cannabis: an exception?
In 2026, France's medical cannabis trial covers around 30,000 patients. The law now provides an exception for patients with a prescription, if their doctor validated fitness to drive. It is one of 2026's first case-law developments.
Next step
How to get the right support?
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